MORRICE, John (Colonel) (Retired)
The Public Service,
Accession Number 003306
- Oral History Centre
Source
- 13
Total Reels
- Patricia Lee
Interviewer
- 10:56:59
Total Running Time
- English
Language
Copyright Notice
All rights to the recordings and transcripts on this website, including the rights to copy, publish, broadcast and perform, are reserved. Written permission is required for any use. If you have any queries, please contact nas@nlb.gov.sg
Reel/Disc 1 of 13
Metadata
- 21 Apr 2008
Recording Date
- 00:55:17
Running Time
- MP3
Format
- Open Access
Conditions Governing Access
Synopsis
(0:00:08) Born in Singapore in 1935. His parents came from India.
(0:01:13) Father was with the British Indian Army.
(0:01:50) Description of his relationship with his father.
(0:04:12) Father worked as a waiter at the Government House.
(0:05:33) Grew up in the servants’ quarters at the Istana from 1935 to 1947. Recollection of life at the Istana.
(0:07:11) Recalled the landscape of the Istana.
(0:10:05) Recollections of the Istana staff.
(0:12:58) Games he played on the Istana grounds.
(0:13:28) Racial mix of the staff at the Istana.
(0:14:26) Description of the relationship between the British and the staff.
(0:16:48) Recollections of the British code of dressing then.
(0:19:08) Description of the staff quarters.
(0:20:29) Talked about how he and his sister stayed with his relatives.
(0:22:12) His mother worked as a nanny to a British family after his father retired, so he and his sister had to be sent to live at a boarding school.
(0:25:44) Remained at the Istana grounds during the war years.
(0:26:27) Staff built an air-raid shelter underground for everyone to use, and how they hid under the Government House during shelling.
(0:27:27) Talked about the men who were killed in the Istana grounds.
(0:29:56) The Istana fence was built by the Australian Prisoners-of-War.
(0:30:07) Description of the horse track used by the British and by General Yamashita.
(0:33:12) All the staff retained similar positions after the Japanese took over the Istana.
(0:33:31) The types of Japanese food they used to eat.
(0:35:11) His impressions of the differences between living at the Istana during the British and the Japanese regime.
(0:38:25) Continued his education at St Joseph's Institution (SJI) during the war.
(0:39:42) How his father secretly snuck bread from the Istana kitchen.
(0:40:25) Still attended church service on Sundays during the war years.
(0:42:08) Impact that the war had on him.
(0:43:58) His impressions of why the British lost the war to the Japanese.
(0:45:13) Lessons he learnt from the war.
(0:45:55) Comfort women were present at the grounds of the Istana.
(0:51:05) Father became a personal servant to Lord Mountbatten when the British returned to power in 1945. His impressions of Lord Mountbatten as a kind man who treated his family well.
(0:53:50) How he used to watch war documentaries at Lord Mountbatten's residence.
Born Singapore, 1935. Parents came from India. Father was with British Army in India. Description of his relationship with his father. Father was a waiter at the Government House. His memories of Istana from 1935 to 1947. Description of its physical landscape. Recollections of the Istana staff. Recollections of the games he played at the Istana grounds. Racial mix of staff at the Istana. Description of the relationship between the British and the staff. Recollections of the British code of dressing then. Description of the staff quarters. Remained at the Istana grounds during the war years. How they hid under the government House during shelling. Men who were killed in the Istana grounds. The Istana fence was built by the Australian Prisoners-of-War. Description of the horse track used by the British and Yamashita.
How father turned cook from waiter during the Japanese Occupation. The types of Japanese food cooked by his father. His view on the difference between living at the Istana during the British and the Japanese regime. Continued his education at St Joseph's institution during the occupation years. How his father would quietly bring bread out of the Istana kitchen. Still attended church service during the war years. Differences in the lifestyle of the British and the Japanese at the Istana. Lessons he learnt from the war. Comfort women were present at the grounds of the Istana. Father worked as a waiter for Lord Mountbatten when the British returned to power. HIs impressions of Lord Mountbatten. How he used to watch war documentaries at Lord Mountbatten's residence.
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Reel/Disc 2 of 13
Metadata
- 21 Apr 2008
Recording Date
- 00:56:27
Running Time
- MP3
Format
- Open Access
Conditions Governing Access
Synopsis
(0:01:07) Circumstances that led to his decision to join the First Singapore Infantry Regiment (1 SIR).
(0:03:15) Recollections of the Japanese surrender.
(0:08:25) His impressions of the British before and after the war.
(0:14:49) Recollections of the servant quarters at Jervois Road, where his mother worked as a nanny.
(0:15:48) Talked about his relationship with the children that his mother looked after.
(0:16:54) Talked about his mother’s death.
(0:18:39) Recollections of his teachers at St Joseph's Institution (SJI).
(0:19:04) Subjects that he studied.
(0:21:12) Talked about what studying at SJI was like during the Japanese Occupation.
(0:23:52) How he avoided being recruited as a boy soldier by the Japanese.
(0:25:55) His impression that the soldiers who carried out atrocities were not Japanese.
(0:27:05) Description of the discipline in school, and how he felt it was effective.
(0:30:46) His impression of why he did not do well academically in school.
(0:32:26) Joined the Volunteer Corp after school in 1955, then he resigned in 1957 and joined the Army.
(0:33:23) Description of his school cadet life.
(0:34:14) Criteria for the selection of officer cadet course training.
(0:37:15) Why he enjoyed army life.
(0:38:27) Recollections of his camping days as a school cadet.
(0:40:00) His encounter with the Malayan communists.
(0:47:35) His first impression of 1 SIR.
(0:50:04) His officer cadet training days in Port Dickson.
(0:52:39) What he enjoyed about the training in Port Dickson.
(0:53:53) Two Swords-of-Honour were created, one for the Malaysian and the other for the Singaporean.
Circumstances leading to his decision to join the First Singapore Infantry Regiment (1 SIR). His impressions of the British before and after the war. Recollections of the servant quarters at Jervois Road where his mother worked as a nanny. Recollections of his teachers at St Joseph's Institution (SJI). Subjects that he studied. How he avoided being recruited as boy soldiers by the Japanese. Description of the discipline in school. Description of his school cadet days. Joined the Volunteer Corp after school. Enjoyed army life. His role model was Clifford James in SJI. Recollections of his camping days as a student. His encounter with the Malayan communists. First impression of 1 SIR. His officer cadet training days in Port Dickson. Description of the course. Two Sword-of-Honour were created; one for the Malaysian and the other for the Singaporean.
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Reel/Disc 3 of 13
Metadata
- 5 May 2008
Recording Date
- 00:58:06
Running Time
- MP3
Format
- Open Access
Conditions Governing Access
Synopsis
(0:00:26) Recollections of his officer cadet training days in Port Dickson from 1957 to 1959.
(0:03:26) How the First Singapore Infantry Regiment (1 SIR) was started on 12 March 1957, but he waited till the end of 1957 before joining the battalion as an Officer cadet.
(0:04:27) Description of the selection process.
(0:05:47) 2 SIR was formed in 1962.
(0:06:16) Distinction between the first and second group of officer cadets.
(0:09:09) Recollections of the rigorous training and how the course was run by the British.
(0:10:36) Description of the strict discipline.
(0:13:18) He was accustomed to the strict training and discipline from his time in the volunteer corp.
(0:16:03) His impression of the differences between the training provided by the British and by the Israelis.
(0:22:57) Description of a day in the life of an officer cadet at Port Dickson.
(0:24:04) Reason that boxing was a compulsory part of officer cadet training.
(0:26:06) Description of meals served.
(0:27:25) Recalled the strong esprit de corp among the Malaysian and Singapore officers even after the separation.
(0:36:09) Types of training facilities and equipment in the 1950s.
(0:38:02) His impressions of the benefits of the academic aspects of the training.
(0:41:19) Description of the military history syllabus.
(0:42:52) Overview of how he benefited from the training in Port Dickson.
(0:47:15) Recollections of the passing out parade.
(0:51:36) His pleasant days in Port Dickson.
(0:52:38) Talked about his journey back to Singapore.
(0:54:49) How I SIR was manned by people from all walks of life, including gangsters and secret society members.
(0:56:56) Initial challenges he faced when he had to deal with the soldiers.
Recollections of his officer cadet training days in Port Dickson from 1957 to 1959. How 1 SIR was started in 12 Mar 1957 but he waited till Dec 1957 before joining the battalion as a Officer cadet. Description of the selection process. 2 SIR was formed in 1962. Distinction between the first and second group of officer cadets. Recollections of the rigorous training. Description of the strict discipline. His opinion on the differences between the training provided by the British and by the Israeli. Description of a day in the life of an officer cadet. Reason boxing was made compulsory. Description of meals served. Strong esprit de corp among the Malaysian and Singapore officers even after the separation. Types of training facilities and equipment in the 1950s. Description of the military history syllabus. How he had benefitted from the training. Recollections of the passing out parade. How the epaulette were twisted-looking like those of the generals'. Recollections of the gangsters in his platoon. How he had help from the Platoon Sergeant in managing the men. Recollections of Hill 200.
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Reel/Disc 4 of 13
Metadata
- 5 May 2008
Recording Date
- 00:54:20
Running Time
- MP3
Format
- Open Access
Conditions Governing Access
Synopsis
(0:00:47) Racial composition of the gangsters and secret society members in the First Singapore Infantry Regiment (1 SIR).
(0:03:07) His remuneration was under the British salary system.
(0:04:58) What it was like to live in the officer's mess.
(0:07:12) Recollections of his overseas training in Warminster in 1962.
(0:08:06) How he was selected for his training in Warminster.
(0:10:30) Memories of his journey to the United Kingdom (UK).
(0:12:02) Anecdote of how he was mistakenly placed on a name list that consisted of Europeans.
(0:15:04) Responsibilities of the "batman" that was assigned to each officer.
(0:17:00) Received training in urban warfare.
(0:23:38) How some of the training he had received was adapted for the training in Singapore.
(0:26:21) How he received news that he would be sent to Sabah in 1963 and the training in Taiping to prepare for the Konfrontasi.
(0:26:53) Impact of the Konfrontasi on the Singapore military.
(0:29:08) Personal experience with the Konfrontasi.
(0:31:02) Description of the training he underwent in Taiping.
(0:33:55) How his company was deployed to Keroh near the Thai Border to confront the Communists.
(0:36:04) Talked about the people who were deployed to Taiping, apart from himself.
(0:37:00) The rear party guarded the camp after his battalion was sent for training in Taiping.
(0:38:29) How his battalion travelled to Taiping.
(0:40:37) Description of his company’s modus operandi.
(0:45:53) Tactics of his company for fighting against the Communists.
(0:46:19) What it felt like to fight alongside his men.
(0:49:12) His initial thoughts before going to Sabah.
(0:50:02) Described his role as the Baggage Officer of the battalion.
(0:51:44) The Singapore military learnt from the British's mistakes, who thought tanks could not be deployed in the jungle.
His remuneration was under the British salary system. How living in the officer's mess was like. Recollections of his overseas training in Warminister in 1962. Role of the "batman" assigned to each officer. Received training in urban warfare. How some of the training he had received was adapted for training in Singapore. How he received news that he would be sent to Sabah in 1963. Training in Taiping to prepare for Konfrontasi. How his company was deployed to Keroh near the Thai Border to confront the communist. His initial thoughts before going to Sabah. His role as the Baggage Officer of the battalion.
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Reel/Disc 5 of 13
Metadata
- 12 May 2008
Recording Date
- 00:56:51
Running Time
- MP3
Format
- Open Access
Conditions Governing Access
Synopsis
(0:00:16) Description of the deployment of equipment and staff upon their arrival at Tawau.
(0:01:17) How "A" company made its way to the Sebatik Island.
(0:02:58) How the company was within the reach of the Indonesians.
(0:06:39) The objective of being deployed to Sebatik Island.
(0:07:18) Why the Indonesians wanted to infiltrate that quiet part of Sebatik Island.
(0:09:09) What reconnaissance patrol entailed.
(0:10:55) The Indonesians used women to befriend the soldiers.
(0:13:46) How the soldiers took their position while on Sebatik Island.
(0:15:07) How they booby-trapped their usual routes to their camp to keep it safe from the Indonesians.
(0:15:26) Recollections of two funny incidents that included the barbecuing of a wild boar.
(0:17:35) Fortunate that 1 SIR had no face-to-face confrontations with the Indonesians.
(0:18:33) Nine men from 2 SIR died in a confrontation at Kota Tinggi.
(0:18:55) Description of his reconnaissance activities.
(0:19:52) Types of food that they survived on.
(0:22:58) Types of intelligence gathered.
(0:23:05) They only used codewords for radio communication.
(0:25:39) How the soldiers spent their time when off duty.
(0:31:56) His platoon was on duty 24/7, constantly ready to engage the enemy.
(0:33:41) How he kept the morale of his men high.
(0:34:21) Very few of his soldiers fell sick in the jungle.
(0:39:43) Problems he faced with some of his men.
(0:40:52) Circumstances that led to his posting back to the Malaysian Brigade in Singapore after four months.
(0:43:34) Lessons he learnt from the Konfrontasi in Sabah.
(0:49:50) How he had always felt as a Singaporean soldier even though he was fighting the Indonesians in Sabah.
(0:52:21) Guarding of key installations and the southern islands of Singapore during the Konfrontasi and the 1960's strikes.
Description of the deployment of equipment and staff upon arrival at Tawau. How "A" company made its way to the Sebatik Island. How the company was within the reach of the Indonesians. Use of Indonesian girls to befriend the soldiers. How the soldiers took their position while they were on Sebatik Island. Recollections of two funny incidents including the barbecuing of a wild boar. No face-to-face confrontation with the Indonesians. Actual confrontation took place when 2 SIR was in Kota Tinggi. Description of his reconnaissance activities. Types of food that they survived on. Types of intelligence gathered. Codewords were used during communication. How the soldiers spent their time when off duty. Supplies were airflown. How he kept the morale of his men high. Very few of his soldiers fell sick in the jungle. How he was posted back to the Malaysian Brigade in Singapore after four months. Lessons he learnt from the Konfrontasi in Sabah. How he had always felt as a Singaporean soldier even though he was fighting the Indonesians in Sabah. Guarding of key installations and the southern islands in Singapore during the Konfrontasi and the 1960's strikes.
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Reel/Disc 6 of 13
Metadata
- 26 May 2008
Recording Date
- 00:55:51
Running Time
- MP3
Format
- Open Access
Conditions Governing Access
Synopsis
(0:00:33) Recollections of the City Council workers' strike of the early 1960's.
(0:01:29) How the First Singapore Infantry Regiment (1 SIR) was deployed to assist the police.
(0:02:27) His job of protecting the temporary sewage collectors in Chinatown.
(0:02:59) How his Commanding Officer turned the collection of sewage into a competition.
(0:04:17) 1 SIR took instruction from the Police "B" Division.
(0:10:33) Description of a strike.
(0:12:11) Methods of dispersing the crowds.
(0:17:00) His impressions of why his platoon was selected to patrol Chinatown.
(0:20:33) How the Malay Regiment was removed from patrolling Chinatown in 1969.
(0:21:35) How "A" Company of 1 SIR were deployed to protect the Bukom installation and the Kallang Gasworks during the Konfrontasi.
(0:22:49) Description of the mood of Singapore before the separation of Singapore and Malaysia.
(0:25:51) His impression that the City Council strike was influenced by the unions.
(0:28:28) Described his role in guarding a key installation, Pulau Bukom.
(0:33:33) Personally witnessed riots between the Chinese and the Malays in the Geylang area.
(0:36:49) His first impressions of the brigade headquarters in Fort Canning in 1964.
(0:37:45) Description of the 4th Brigade.
(0:39:37) His role in looking after the brigade training programme.
(0:46:47) His recollections of the debrief of the Kota Tinggi massacre during the Konfrontasi.
(0:55:02) Counselling was provided for the platoon that was affected by the massacre.
Recollections of the City Council workers' strike of the early 1960's. How 1 Singapore Infantry Regiment (SIR) was deployed to assist the police. His job of protecting the temporary sewage collectors in Chinatown. How his Commanding Officer turned the collection of sewage into a competition. 1 SIR took instruction from the Police "B" Division. Methods of dispersing the crowds. How the Malay Regiment were removed from patrolling Chinatown in 1969. How "A" Company of 1 SIR were deployed to protect the Bukom installation and the Kallang Gasworks during the Konfrontasi. His first posting to brigade headquarters in Fort Canning in 1964. Description of the 4th Brigade. His role in looking after the brigade training programme. Recollections of the debrief of the Kota Tinggi shoot out during the Konfrontasi.
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Reel/Disc 7 of 13
Metadata
- 26 May 2008
Recording Date
- 00:31:40
Running Time
- MP3
Format
- Open Access
Conditions Governing Access
Synopsis
(0:00:23) Recollections of his farewell party that was held in Tawau.
(0:00:58) Anecdote of a fight that broke out between the Singaporean Malays of the First Singapore Infantry Regiment (1 SIR) and the Malay Regiment.
(0:03:21) How he was called to the 5th Brigade Headquarters.
(0:04:32) How the Singaporeans kept their sense of patriotism during the Konfrontasi, including the Singapore Malays.
(0:09:17) Description of the fate of the captured soldiers.
(0:10:12) Singapore was under pressure to abolish capital punishment after the hanging of the Indonesians from the McDonald House bombing.
(0:12:15) Description of his training and operational duties while he was in the 4th Brigade Headquarters.
(0:17:28) How intelligence was gathered.
(0:20:34) Believed that the Konfrontasi was a victory war for Malaysia and Singapore.
(0:23:11) Description of the 4th, 5th and 6th Brigade involvement in the Konfrontasi.
(0:26:18) Lessons he learnt from his posting to the 4th Brigade.
(0:29:36) Description of the officer’s mess where he stayed at Fort Canning.
Recollections of his farewell party held in Tawau. How a fight broke out between the Singapore Malays of 1 Singapore Infantry Regiment (SIR) and the Malay Regiment. How he was being called up to the 5th Brigade Headquarters. How the Singaporeans kept its sense of patriotism during the Konfrontasi including the Singapore Malays. Description of the fate of the captured soldiers. Description of his training and operational duties while in 4th Brigade Headquarters. How in his opinion, the Konfrontasi was a victory war for Malaysia and Singapore. Description of the 4th, 5th and 6th Brigade involvement in the Konfrontasi. Lessons he learnt from his posting to 4th Brigade. Description of the military bachelors' quarter in Fort Canning.
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Reel/Disc 8 of 13
Metadata
- 14 Jul 2008
Recording Date
- 00:57:25
Running Time
- MP3
Format
- Open Access
Conditions Governing Access
Synopsis
(0:00:17) His impression of the impact of Singapore's separation from Malaysia in 1965.
(0:01:35) His decision to remain with the Singapore Armed Forces (SAF).
(0:02:23) Joined the Singapore Armed Forces Training Institute (SAFTI) for retraining.
(0:04:58) His impressions of the Israeli trainers.
(0:08:33) His impression of the army's strength after Singapore’s separation from Malaysia in 1965.
(0:12:02) Recollections of the SAFTI training wings in 1965.
(0:14:48) Description of the training syllabus for the future training of cadets.
(0:17:13) Clarified that the preparation course did not require the Israeli consultants to plan things out for the SAF.
(0:18:05) What they learnt at the end of the 3-month preparation course.
(0:19:04) Description of the components of a syllabus that they planned together with the Israeli consultants.
(0:24:15) Recollection of the Israeli consultants.
(0:26:25) His working experience with the Israeli consultants.
(0:27:35) Recollections of the old training grounds at Jurong Primary School in Singapore.
(0:31:46) How he benefited from the preparatory course with the Israelis.
(0:33:03) Recalled the other people involved in developing the training course.
(0:35:27) Description of the selection process of the officer cadets.
(0:38:00) Pre-requisites for the selection of the officer cadets.
(0:38:20) Recollections of the challenges he faced with the Chinese-educated trainees.
(0:43:13) Talked about the preparation training of the first batch of trainees.
(0:46:15) He believed that teaching accounts management was important.
(0:49:07) Description of classroom and field training.
(0:52:54) How discipline was enforced.
Impact of Singapore's separation from Malaysia in 1965. His decision to remain with the Singapore Armed Forces. Joined Singapore Armed Forces Training Institute (SAFTI) for retraining. His impressions of the Israeli trainers. Recollections of the SAFTI training wings in 1965. Description of the training syllabus for future training of cadets. His working experience with the Israeli Consultants. Recollections of the old training grounds in Singapore. Description of the selection of the officer cadets. Recollections of the Chinese educated trainees. Preparation for the first batch of trainees. Importance of teaching accounts management. Description of classroom and filed training. How discipline was being enforced.
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Reel/Disc 9 of 13
Metadata
- 14 Jul 2008
Recording Date
- 00:55:55
Running Time
- MP3
Format
- Open Access
Conditions Governing Access
Synopsis
(0:00:09) Recollection of how he dealt with a senior officer who did not set a good example.
(0:03:39) Types of punishments that were meted out.
(0:05:26) Recalled a case where a soldier was molested by an officer, who was eventually discharged with ignominy.
(0:10:03) Anecdote of a collective punishment that was meted out.
(0:13:54) His impression that discipline in the Singapore Armed Forces (SAF) during his time was stricter, which was why the soldiers of the past were fitter.
(0:14:17) The importance of instilling proper water discipline.
(0:15:40) Believed in the need to physically build the soldiers up gradually.
(0:17:13) How the difference in upbringing in the past and the present impacted the fitness of the soldiers.
(0:19:18) Talked about the food consumed by the officer cadets, and how he led by example by eating the same food as them.
(0:21:38) Recollections of his outstanding cadets.
(0:25:05) Talked about his relationship with the first batch of cadets, and the success stories.
(0:31:34) His impression that when the Ministry of Defence (MINDEF) took over National Education, they lacked the first-hand information regarding the early days of the SAF.
(0:35:25) Recollections of the first passing-out parade as Parade Commander.
(0:38:10) Remembered that Dr Goh Keng Swee announced at the first passing out parade that SAF was starting a new National Service Unit in 1967.
(0:42:07) His appointment as the Deputy Commandant of the Singapore Armed Forces Training Institute (SAFTI).
(0:47:33) Recollections of his role as Battalion Commander in charge of the First Singapore Infantry Regiment (1 SIR) and the Second Singapore Infantry Regiment (2 SIR).
(0:48:53) Challenges he faced as Battalion Commander, such as improvising their own equipment in the initial years due to a lack of supplies.
(0:54:35) Talked about the complete overhaul of the training programme the Israelis implemented.
Recollections of the boots inspection. Importance of setting a good example. Types of punishment meted out. A case where a soldier was being molested. How the officer was discharged from the enemy. Fond memory of collective punishment through mass drills. Reasons soldiers of the past were fit. Practice of water discipline. Need to physically build the soldiers up gradually. How the upbring of the past and present are different. Impact on the fitness of the soldiers. Food consumed by the cadets. How he led example by eating with the cadets. Recollections of his outstanding cadets. Looking back, how his students have made him proud. Recollections of the first passing out parade as Parade Commander. Mobilisation of the first batch of officers. His appointment as Dy Commandant SAFTI. Recollections of his role as Battalion Commander in charge of 1 SIR and 2 SIR. How they improvise their own equipment in the intial years due to lack of supplies.
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Reel/Disc 10 of 13
Metadata
- 21 Jul 2008
Recording Date
- 00:54:10
Running Time
- MP3
Format
- Open Access
Conditions Governing Access
Synopsis
(0:00:23) Recollections of the objectives of the Command and Staff College Course that he attended in 1968.
(0:05:17) Believed in the importance of forward defence in the case of protecting Singapore.
(0:08:14) How he personally benefited from the Command and Staff College Course.
(0:09:34) He was tasked by Dr Goh to organise the National Day Parades between the 1970s and the 1980s.
(0:14:13) Described how he organised the National Day programme.
(0:17:53) Mobilisation of staff for the organisation of the National Day parade.
(0:18:33) Introduction of the fly-past in the 1970s.
(0:20:09) How the venues were selected.
(0:24:21) Importance of timing the programme.
(0:25:46) Description of the fireworks.
(0:29:39) His impression of what it was like mass mobilising Singaporeans to help in the National Day Parade.
(0:31:37) Talked about the security of the parade.
(0:34:26) Recollection of an occasion where Dr Goh decided to bring the National Day Parade to the people.
(0:34:58) Recalled the experience of selecting the 13 centres.
(0:37:37) The programmes at each centre.
(0:40:00) How he managed the 13 centres during the National Day Parade rehearsals.
(0:41:46) Overview of the National Day Parade programme.
(0:44:57) Talked about the cavalry column.
(0:49:59) Recollection of how he worked with Dr Goh during the preparation of the National Day Parade.
Recollections of the Staff and Command Course he attended in 1968. Recollections of organising the 9 National Day Parades in the 1970s. Mobilisation of staff. Objective of the parade from the military perspective. Planning for the programme. Introduction of the fly-past in the 1970s. How the venues were selected. Importance of timing the programme. Description of the fireworks. Looking into the security of the parade. An occasion where Goh Keng Swee brought in the calvary for National Day. Recollections of working with Dr Goh Keng Swee on the National Day Parades.
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